ABSTRACT
Mosquitoes are the biological vectors of many diseases. Mosquito-borne infectious diseases are serious public health problems in tropical areas. With the increasing resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides, it becomes difficult to control mosquito-borne infectious diseases. The application of mosquito repellents can not only control the spread of mosquito-borne infectious diseases to a certain extent, but also reduce the use of insecticides and relieve the environmental pressure. This paper introduces and summarizes the research progresses of new mosquito repellents in recent years to provide reference resource for the further development of mosquito repellents.
ABSTRACT
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin malignant tumor, which is prone to early metastasis and relapse after treatment. Therapeutic tumor vaccines are new immunotherapies, which have the advantages of low toxicity and inhibiting tumor metastasis. Melanoma has a high mutation load and a large number of specific antigens. Currently, various types of tumor vaccines have been developed for melanoma, especially those based on dendritic cells (DC). Although the efficacy of therapeutic DC vaccines in melanoma has been confirmed by a number of studies, these vaccines still have problems such as insufficient immune effect and poor efficacy when used alone, and there is still a large room for improvement. In this paper, the current research status of therapeutic DC vaccines for melanoma was reviewed, and the research key points and optimization strategy of therapeutic DC tumor were prospected.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the starting point of pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists for patients after heart valve replacement. Methods Combined with typical cases, the content, focus and effects of pharmaceutical care for patients after heart valve replacement were summarized. Results Clinical pharmacists provided pharmaceutical services such as anticoagulant care and warfarin dosage adjustment, infection monitoring and rational use and care of antibacterial, perioperative airway management, stress ulcer (SU) prevention and pharmaceutical care, and warfarin medication education for patients, which had promoted the rational use of drugs and improved the treatment results of patients. Conclusion Pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists could be helpful to improve the safety and efficacy of drug treatment for patients after heart valve replacement.
ABSTRACT
Proteins and peptides (PPs) have gradually become more attractive therapeutic molecules than small molecular drugs due to their high selectivity and efficacy, but fewer side effects. Owing to the poor stability and limited permeability through gastrointestinal (GI) tract and epithelia, the therapeutic PPs are usually administered by parenteral route. Given the big demand for oral administration in clinical use, a variety of researches focused on developing new technologies to overcome GI barriers of PPs, such as enteric coating, enzyme inhibitors, permeation enhancers, nanoparticles, as well as intestinal microdevices. Some new technologies have been developed under clinical trials and even on the market. This review summarizes the history, the physiological barriers and the overcoming approaches, current clinical and preclinical technologies, and future prospects of oral delivery of PPs.
ABSTRACT
Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) have recently returned to the limelight of academia and industry due to their enormous potential in oral delivery of biomacromolecules. However, information on gastrointestinal lipolysis and trans-epithelial transport of SMEDDS is rare. Aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) fluorescent probes are utilized to visualize the
ABSTRACT
Eczema is a common clinical inflammatory skin disease characterized by severe itching and recurrent attacks.Its etiology is complex, including a variety of internal and external factors.The main mechanism is related to the imbalance of Th2immune response, and related inflammatory factors play an important role.Epithelial-derived factor like thymic stromal lymphopoietin and interleukin-33could trigger Th2immune imbalance and promote the secretion of type inflammatory factors such as interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-13.These inflammatory factors will further induce eosinophilic granulocytosis and IgE formation.In this paper, the research progress of mechanism of type 2related inflammatory factors in eczema were reviewed, which provided the great significance for treatment.
ABSTRACT
Liposomes mimic natural cell membranes and have long been investigated as drug carriers due to excellent entrapment capacity, biocompatibility and safety. Despite the success of parenteral liposomes, oral delivery of liposomes is impeded by various barriers such as instability in the gastrointestinal tract, difficulties in crossing biomembranes, and mass production problems. By modulating the compositions of the lipid bilayers and adding polymers or ligands, both the stability and permeability of liposomes can be greatly improved for oral drug delivery. This review provides an overview of the challenges and current approaches toward the oral delivery of liposomes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the features,general patterns and predisposing factors of adverse drug reactions(ADR) occurred in our hospital and to provide the guidance for rational and safe use of drugs in clinic.Methods 302 cases of ADR were reported from September 2015 to September 2017 in our hospital.Age distribution,gender,route of administration,drug categories,systems or organs involved,clinical manifestations,adverse reaction types involved in ADRs were analyzed retro-spectively.Results Among the 302 ADR reports,137 cases are male patients(accounting for 45.4%)and 165 cases were fe-male patients(accounting for 54.6%).27.8% of ADR was related to anti-infective agents.70.2% of ADR came from oral ad-ministration and 24.8% ADR was due to intravenous administration.The main clinical manifestations of ADR were lesion of skin and its appendants(61.6%)and followed by the digestive system injury(15.9%).Conclusion The multiple factors may lead to high frequency of ADR.In order to promote rational drug use and reduce the occurrence of ADR,clinicians should pay attention to the ADR monitoring and strictly follow the clinical indications of medications.
ABSTRACT
Objective To optimize the extraction process and improve the quality of Toufu irrigation.Methods Matrine assay was selected to be the indicator for the extraction efficacy.Orthogonal test was used to determine the optimal water a-mount,extraction time and extraction frequency.Results The best extraction process was to extract 90 minutes twice with the water amount 8 times of the dry herbal material by weight.Conclusion This process is feasible and repeatable.It can be used for the quality control of the preparation.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To establish the quality standard for Erdingerxian mixture. Methods:Herba Violae and Cortex Phellodendri in Erdingerxian mixture were identified by TLC. Icariin and curculigoside were determined by HPLC. Results:The characteristic iden-tification by TLC was distinct and highly specific. The linear range of icariin was 5.77-184.50μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9),and the aver-age recovery was 96.55%(RSD=1.14%,n=9). The linear range of curculigoside was 12.36-395.50 μg·ml-1(r=1.000 0),and the average recovery was 100.58%(RSD=2.92%,n=9).Conclusion: The method is reliable, accurate, sensitive and specific, which can be used for the quality control of Erdingerxian mixture.
ABSTRACT
Proton pump inhibitors are H+ /K+-ATPase inhibitors, which can efficiently inhibit gastric acid secretion for a long time. As the latest inhibitory gastric acid drugs, proton pump inhibitors are the best choices for acid-related diseases such as gastroe-sophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal lesions caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Proton pump inhibi-tors have significant inhibition to basal gastric acid, night gastric acid and gastric acid secretion caused by gastrin and food stimulation. This article reviewed the pharmacokinetic characteristics of five proton pump inhibitors in domestic market.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effects of clinical pharmacist on the rational drug use in the patients with membranous ne -phropathy complicated with drug-induced liver injury .Methods:The whole drug treatment process of one patient with membranous ne-phropathy complicated with drug-induced liver injury was analyzed , pharmaceutical care on the use of glucocorticoids , hepatoprotective agents, anticoagulants and antihypertensive drugs was performed , and the precautions and suggestions on the drug use were put for-ward.Results:Clinical pharmacist participated in the clinical treatment and provided the pharmaceutical service for doctors , nurses and patients directly , which could enhance the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the adverse drug reaction .Conclusion: Through the participation in clinical practice , clinical pharmacist plays an important role in the rational drug use , which provides better pharmacy service for patients .
ABSTRACT
Objective:To review and analyze the prescriptions for Chinese herbal pieces in an integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine hospital to explore the trend and problems in clinical application for Chinese herbal medicines and provide reference for dispensing in pharmacy of traditional medicine and rational drug use. Methods: Totally 1200 prescriptions for Chinese herbal pieces in our hospital were surveyed from January to December in 2014. The irrational use was analyzed, and reasonable suggestions were provided for the clinical application. Results:The problems in the prescriptions for Chinese herbal pieces included uncompleted diagnosis,incompatible diagnosis and medication,nonstandard Chinese name,unclear footnote,irrational usage or dosage and incompati-bility. The prescriptions including above 15 varieties of Chinese herbal pieces in one accounted for 65. 70%, and those with average dose above 250 g accounted for 40. 25%. Conclusion:Regular inspection and quality supervision on the prescription for Chinese herb-al pieces should be strengthened to improve the quality of prescriptions and guarantee the safety and economy of the medication.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate opioids utilization of cancer ached inpatients in the integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine hospital and provide suggestion for the rational utilization of opioids .Method DDDs ,DUI ,the distribution of cancer pain ,pain scores of the discharged patients and the utility of opioids were evaluated and analyzed by retrieving the medi-cal records from January in 2013 to December in 2014 .Results 292 medical records were selected and analyzed .Among them , 89 patients′pain score≥3 .The top opioids of DDDs were sufentanil citrate injection and fentanyl derivatives ,which is the main medication in treating the cancer pain patients .And the irrationaluseof fentanyl transdermal system was a common phenomenon among different departments .Conclusion Theutilization of opioids was basically rational ,but there still had some deficiencies . The intervention and management of narcotic drugs should be strengthened and deepened .
ABSTRACT
Objective:To establish the quality standard for Qinzhu Liangxue mixture. Methods:Seutellaria baiealensis, glyeyrrhizae and jobstears seed were identified by TLC. Baicalin and glycyrrhizic acid were determined by HPLC. Results:Seutellaria baiealensis,glyeyrrhizae and jobstears seed could be identified by TLC. The linear range of baicalin was 0. 030- 0. 971 mg·ml -1(r = 1. 000 0),and the average recovery was 97. 74%(RSD = 2. 76% ,n = 9). The linear range of glycyrrhizic acid was 0. 013- 0. 220 mg·ml -1(r = 1. 000 0),and the average recovery was 99. 02%(RSD = 1. 79% ,n = 9)Glycyrrhizic acid. Conclusion:The method is specific,simple and accurate. It can be used for the quality control of Qinzhu Liangxue mixture.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish the quality standard for Fufang Dusheng ointments. Methods: Angelicae sinensis radix and Cinnamomi ramulus in Fufang Dusheng ointments were identified by TLC. Cinnamaldehyde was determined by HPLC. Results: The characteristic identification by TLC was distinct and highly specific. Cinnamaldehyde had the linear range of 5. 025-50. 255 μg·ml-1 (r=0. 999 9), and the average recovery was 98. 92% (RSD=1. 64%, n=9). Conclusion: The method is reliable, accurate and specific. It can be used in the quality control of Fufang Dusheng ointments.
ABSTRACT
Refractory wounds are the common complication of diabetes,and the therapeutic scheme and methods are paid more and more attention nowadays. The influence of traditional Chinese medicines on diabetic wound healing, such as promoting fibroblasts proliferation, enhancing granulation tissue formation, increasing the secretion of growth factors and reducing the wound scar, was re-viewed in the paper to provide scientific basis and reference for traditional Chinese medicines used in diabetic refractory wounds.
ABSTRACT
Objective To develop a novel skin microdialysis technology in vivo,and to determine the pharmacokinetic of ba-icalin after transdermal administration in rats. Methods An HPLC-MS/MS method used for the determination of baicalin in skin mi-crodialysis samples was established ,SD rats were pretreated with skin microdialysis operation under anesthesia , and then the baicalin gel was applied to the skin surface of probe in vivo.The baicalin concentration of skin microdialysates was determined , the time curve of baicalin concentration was drawn and the topical pharmacokinetics parameters of percutaneous absorption was calculated. Results Baicalin was optimized at the transitions m/z 447.3→271.2.The linearity correlation was good and the assay exhibited good precision and accuracy.The subcutaneous probe recovery of baicalin in vivo was(24.40 ±0.91)%and was stable over the 240 min study peri-od.Baicalin could be detected in the microdialysis samples after transdermal administration , and its concentration continued to rise in 8 h.AUC0-t in skin tissue was(50.04 ±34.17) mg· min· L-1. Conclusion The method of skin microdialysis in vivo could be used in the local pharmacokinetic research of baicalin.
ABSTRACT
This study is to prepare scopolamine hydrobromide nanoparticles-in-microsphere system (SH-NiMS) and evaluate its drug release characteristics in vitro. SH nanoparticles were prepared by ionic crosslinking method with tripolyphosphate (TPP) as crosslinker and chitosan as carrier. Orthogonal design was used to optimize the formulation of SH nanoparticles, which took the property of encapsulation efficiency and drug loading as evaluation parameters. With HPMC as carrier, adjusted the parameters of spray drying technique and sprayed the SH nanoparticles in microspheres encaposulated by HPMC was formed and which is called nanoparticles-in-microsphere system (NiMS). SH-NiMS appearances were observed by SEM, structure was obsearved by FT-IR and the release characteristics in vitro were evaluated. The optimized formulation of SH nanoparticles was TPP/CS 1:3 (w/w), HPMC 0.3%, SH 0.2%. The solution peristaltic speed of the spray drying technique was adjusted to 15%, and the temperature of inlet was 110 degrees C. The encapsulation product yeild, drug loading and particle sizes of SH-NiMS were 94.2%, 20.4%, and 1256.5 nm, respectively. The appearances and the structure of SH-NiMS were good. The preparation method of SH-NiMS is stable and reliable to use, which provide a new way to develop new dosage form.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare paeonol microemulsion and microemulsion gel, and investigate its content, physical and chemical properties. Their transdermal properties in vitro were studied as well.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>IPM acted as oil phase, lecithin/APG as surfactant, 1,2-propanediol as cosurfactant, water was added dropwise to the oil phase to prepare paeonol microemulsion at room temperature using magnetic stirring. HPLC method were used to determine the content of paeonol in paeonol microemulsion. Transmission electron microscopy and laser particle size analyzer were used to determine the shape and size of the microemulsion. Carbopol 940 was uesd as substrate to prepare paeonol microemulsion gel. Franz diffusion cell was used for characterizing the microemulsion and gel transdermal properties in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The paeonol microemulsion was O/W microemulsion. Its uniform particle size was 32 nm and was with roundness appearance and stable content. The steady-state permeation rates of paeonol saturated aqueous solution, microemulsion, and microemulsion gel were 47.846, 103.760, 70.401 microg x cm(-2) x h(-1), and their 12 h cumulative amount of infiltration were 657.179, 1 266.484, 881.217 microg x cm(-2), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 12 h cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate of paeonol microemulsion and microemulsion gel are better than the saturated aqueous solution. Paeonol microemulsion gel is a new dosage form for transdermal drug delivery.</p>